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Disaster Management under Environment is one of the
important topics for UPSC Civil Services preparation. Questions have been asked
in every year’s UPSC Prelims exam on Disaster Management. Therefore, we bring
to you Disaster Management Notes on NATIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN. This
post is brought to you by Oliveboard, an online exam preparation platform for
government and banking exams.
NATIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN –
HISTORY
The National Disaster Management Plan (NDMP) was
released in 2016.
The National Disaster Management Plan (NDMP) is
prepared by the National Disaster Management Authority.
National Disaster Management Authority, abbreviated
as NDMA is an agency of the Ministry of Home Affairs whose primary purpose is
to coordinate response to natural or man-made disasters and for
capacity-building in disaster resiliency and crisis response in India. NDMA was
established through the Disaster Management Act enacted by the Government of
India on May 30, 2005.
The National Disaster Management Plan of India
provides a framework and direction to thegovernment agencies for all phases of
disaster management cycle –
a) mitigation (prevention and risk reduction)
b) preparedness
c) response
d) recovery.
The NATIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN (NDMP) is a
“dynamic document” in the sense that it will be periodically improved keeping
up with the emerging global best practices and knowledge base in disaster
management.
The NATIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN (NDMP) is
based on the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030.
Sendai Framework is a non-binding agreement, which
the signatory nations will attempt to comply with on a voluntary basis
The four priorities for action under the Sendai
Framework are:
1. Understanding disaster risk
2. Strengthening disaster risk governance to manage
disaster risk
3. Investing in disaster risk reduction for resilience
4. Enhancing disaster preparedness for effective
response and to “Build Back Better” in recovery, rehabilitation and
reconstruction
NATIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN
(NDMP) Vision
Make India disaster resilient, achieve substantial
disaster risk reduction, and significantly decrease the losses of life,
livelihoods, and assets – economic, physical, social, cultural, and
environmental – by maximizing the ability to cope with disasters at all levels
of administration as well as among communities
For each hazard, the approach used in this national
plan incorporates the four priorities given in the Sendai Framework into the
planning framework for Disaster Risk Reduction under the five Thematic Areas
for Actions:
· Understanding
Risk
· Inter-Agency
Coordination
· Investing
in DRR – Structural Measures
· Investing
in DRR – Non-Structural Measures
· Capacity
Development
Major Highlights of the National
Disaster Management Plan
· All
phases of disaster management: Prevention, Mitigation, Response and Recovery
have been extensively covered in the plan.
· The
Plan also covers Man-made disasters in India like Chemical, nuclear, etc
· It
gives clear framework about Planning. It covers Short-term (5 years), Medium
Term (10 years) and Long-term (15 years) to deal with all kinds of disasters
happening in India.
· The
Plan has adopted a very Integrative Approach – horizontal and vertical
integration among all the agencies and departments of the Government have been
specified in the Plan.
· The
Role Clarity shown in the Plan is excellent – roles and responsibilities of all
levels of Government of India right up to Panchayat and Urban local body level
in a matrix format.
· Different
types of Disasters have been assigned to specific Ministries of Government of
India. For e.g., Ministry of Earth Sciences is responsible for Cyclones
· The
Regional approach adopted in the Plan will be beneficial for disaster
management as well as Developmental planning of India
· The
Implementing of the Plan will be done in a scalable manner through all phases
of Disaster Management
· The
Plan has covered the response phase of disaster management in a wholesome manner by identifying 18
broad activities which have been arranged into a matrix to be served as a ready
reckoner across India:
o Early Warning, Maps, Satellite
inputs, Information Dissemination
o Evacuation of People and Animals
o Search and Rescue of People and
Animals
o Medical Care
o Drinking Water/ Dewatering Pumps/
Sanitation Facilities/ Public Health
o Food & Essential Supplies
o Communication
o Housing and Temporary Shelters
o Power
o Fuel
o Transportation
o Relief Logistics and Supply Chain
Management
o Disposal of Animal Carcasses
o Fodder for livestock in scarcity-hit
areas
o Rehabilitation and Ensuring Safety of
Livestock and other Animals, Veterinary Care
o Data Collection and Management
o Relief Employment
o Media Relations
· A
generalised framework for recovery and flexibility to assess a situation and
build back better have been provided in the Plan as well.
· It
emphasises on a greater need for Information, Education and Communication
activities to prepare communities to cope with disasters.
· The
plan aims that the media should respect the dignity and privacy of affected
people. Hence it calls for self-regulation by media.
· To
stop rumours and spread of panic, the plan directs the authorities to schedule
regular media briefing (depending on the severity of the disaster) and
designate a nodal officer for interacting with the media on behalf of the
government
We hope you liked the information provided about
National Disaster Management Plan and these Disaster Management Notes are
useful for your UPSC Exam Preparation.
All the Best for the UPSC Prelims Exam 2018!!
